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Grammatical article in English

The () is a grammatical commodity in English, cogent persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, unsaid or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. The is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for vii percent of all printed English language-language words.^[1] It is derived from gendered manufactures in Former English which combined in Heart English and now has a single grade used with pronouns of any gender.^[a] The give-and-take can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which take different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In nearly dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and every bit /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed past a vowel sound or used as an emphatic form.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English have an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, even before a vowel.^[3] ^[4]

Sometimes the word "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the practiced", not but "an" expert in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Use of manufactures". The, as in phrases like "the more the ameliorate", has a distinct origin and etymology and by chance has evolved to exist identical to the definite article.^[5]

Commodity

The and that are mutual developments from the same Old English language system. Old English had a definite commodity se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Eye English, these had all merged into þe, the antecedent of the Modern English word the.^[six]

Geographic usage

An expanse in which the use or non-use of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and so on – are generally used with a "the" definite commodity (the Rhine, the North Sea, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
continents, individual islands, administrative units and settlements mostly do not take a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Republic of austria (simply the Republic of Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the County of York), Madrid).
beginning with a common noun followed by of may have the article, equally in the Isle of Wight or the Island of Portland (compare Christmas Isle), aforementioned applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, simply the University of Cambridge.
Some place names include an article, such as the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Village, The Hamlet (NJ), The Village (OK), The Villages, The Hamlet at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West Stop, the East Stop, The Hague, or the Urban center of London (only London). Formerly e.m. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[7]
generally described singular names, the North Island (New Zealand) or the W State (England), take an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, most exclude "the" just there are some that adhere to secondary rules:

derivations from collective common nouns such as "kingdom", "commonwealth", "union", etc.: the Fundamental African Republic, the Dominican Republic, the United States, the Uk, the Soviet Matrimony, the United Arab Emirates, including virtually country total names:^[8] ^[9] the Czech republic (only Czechia), the Russian Federation (just Russia), the Principality of Monaco (but Monaco), the Israel (only State of israel) and the Commonwealth of Commonwealth of australia (but Commonwealth of australia).^[10] ^[11] ^[12]
countries in a plural noun: kingdom of the netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Comoros, the Maldives, the Republic of seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Commonwealth of the bahamas.
Singular derivations from "island" or "state" that concord administrative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Isle and Norfolk Isle – do not take a "the" definite article.
derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an commodity, even for singular, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in reject, Gambia remains recommended whereas employ of the Argentine for Argentina is considered former-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to as the Ukraine, a usage that was mutual during the 20th century, just this is considered incorrect and possibly offensive in modern usage.^[14] Sudan (but the Republic of the Sudan) and S Sudan (but the Commonwealth of South Sudan) are written nowadays without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the nigh frequently used words in English, at various times brusque abbreviations for it take been found:

Barred thorn: the primeval abridgement, information technology is used in manuscripts in the Old English language. It is the letter þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the word þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript e or t) appear in Middle English manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early on Modern manuscripts and in print (encounter Ye grade).

Occasional proposals take been fabricated by individuals for an abridgement. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter similar to Ħ to represent "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Middle English, the (þe) was oftentimes abbreviated as a þ with a small e above it, similar to the abbreviation for that, which was a þ with a small t to a higher place information technology. During the latter Middle English language and Early on Modern English periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its mutual script, or cursive course, came to resemble a y shape. Equally a effect, the use of a y with an eastward in a higher place it () as an abridgement became common. This can nevertheless exist seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such every bit Romans 15:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y audio, fifty-fifty when so written.

The discussion "The" itself, capitalised, is used every bit an abbreviation in Republic countries for the honorific title "The Right Honourable", every bit in e.g. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", curt for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[sixteen]

References

^ Norvig, Peter. "English Alphabetic character Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Lexicon.
^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Course in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English language . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 44.
^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford Academy Press, March 2016. Spider web. xi March 2016.
^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
^ "Why is it called The Hague?".
^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to employ".
^ "FAO Country Profiles". www.fao.org.
^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. 8–9. A & C Blackness, London, 2002.